“pacman –upgrade” is an option for the pacman package manager in Arch Linux and its derivatives. It is used to upgrade packages that are already installed on the system.
“pacman –upgrade” updates all installed packages to their latest available versions. The upgrade process is performed in a safe and controlled manner, ensuring that any dependencies and conflicts between packages are properly resolved. The user is presented with a list of packages that will be upgraded and given the opportunity to review and confirm the upgrade process before it is performed.
pacman –upgrade Command Examples
1. Install one or more packages from files:
# sudo pacman --upgrade {{path/to/package1.pkg.tar.zst}}{{path/to/package2.pkg.tar.zst}}
2. Install a package without prompting:
# sudo pacman --upgrade --noconfirm {{path/to/package.pkg.tar.zst}}
3. Overwrite conflicting files during a package installation:
# sudo pacman --upgrade --overwrite {{path/to/file}} {{path/to/package.pkg.tar.zst}}
4. Install a package, skipping the dependency version checks:
# sudo pacman --upgrade --nodeps {{path/to/package.pkg.tar.zst}}
5. List packages that would be affected (does not install any packages):
# pacman --upgrade --print {{path/to/package.pkg.tar.zst}}
6. Display help:
# pacman --upgrade --help
Summary
In summary, “pacman –upgrade” is a valuable option for maintaining the system in Arch Linux and its derivatives. It allows the user to easily upgrade all installed packages to the latest available versions, ensuring that the system is always up-to-date with the latest software and security fixes.