Linux

The id command is used to display user ID (UID) and group ID (GID) information. Entering the command with no options displays information about the user who is currently logged in. You can also specify a user name as an option to display ID information about a specific user. Syntax The syntax of the id […]

The last command displays the history of user login and logout actions, along with the actual time and date. It also has options that enable you to filter users who have logged in through a specific terminal. For example, last 1 will display the details of users who logged in using the first terminal. The […]

The who command is used to determine the details of users currently logged in to a system. The output of the who command includes the user name, the name of the system from which the user is connected, and the date and time that the user has been connected since. Syntax The syntax of the […]

ifenslave is a utility for attaching and detaching slave network devices to a bonding device. Bonding is putting multiple physical Ethernet devices into a single logical one, what is often termed as Link aggregation/Trunking/Link bundling. You can attach eth0, for example, to a bonding device bond0 by: # ifenslave bond0 eth0 The ifenslave utility belongs […]

The Linux kernel keeps track of network devices in the form of interfaces. Each interface is assigned a unique name, such as eth0, eth1, eth2, tr0, tr1, tr2, and so forth. The interface name is initially assigned by the device driver and kernel but may be overridden using ifrename. The ifrename utility can be used […]

The groupmod command is used to change the group’s own attributes. It will edit the /etc/group file for you. Modifications of the group might include changing its name or GID. Below are associated configuration files: /etc/group: Group account information. /etc/gshadow: Secure group account info. Syntax The syntax of the groupmod command is: # groupmod [options] […]

The groupadd command creates a group. By default, the group has no members and no passwords. In addition to creating a group with a friendly name, you can also specify a group ID using the -g option. Below are associated configuration files: /etc/group: Group account information. /etc/gshadow: Secure group account info. /etc/login.defs: Shadow password suite […]

The usermod command is used to modify settings for regular users. It edits the /etc/passwd file, avoiding the need for administrators to edit the file directly. There are many modifications an administrator can make to an existing user account. Syntax The syntax of the usermod command is: # usermod [options] {user name} usermod command options […]

Text-mode web browsers provide a quick way to check that a web server is working or to get information from a web server when a usable GUI isn’t available. The once-popular lynx text-based browser was supplanted in most Linux systems by the links or elinks browsers. To use a command-line browser, you need to install […]