Pre-requisites
1. Create a catalog database (rmancat) if one does not exist. (With additional UNDO-, USERS- and TEMP-tablespaces)
2. Configure SQL*Net to handle the catalog (rmancat) and the ‘target’ database connections.
3. Create a user ‘RMAN’ in the catalog database.
SQL> create user rman identified by rman
default tablespace USERS quota unlimited on users
temporary tablespace TEMP;
SQL> grant recovery_catalog_owner to rman;
4. Create the RMAN-catalog in the catalog database.
$ rman catalog rman/rman@rmancat RMAN> create catalog;
5. Register the target-database with catalog. Set environment(ORACLE_HOME, ORACLE_SID and PATH) to target-database.
$ rman catalog rman/rman@rmancat target / RMAN> register database;
6. Access Privileges:
– User that is member of dba group.
– Permission to write to directory where backups will be stored when doing backup to disk.
Script Usage
Usage:
backup_database [sid] [backup_type]
where,
sid = ORACLE_SID of target instance to be backed up
backup_type = disk | tape
Example:
% backup_database v112 tape #### Backup database v112 to tape
or
% backup_database v112 disk #### Backup database v112 to disk
Instructions
1. Verify that catalog is running and you can connect as rman via sqlnet.
% sqlplus rman/rman@rmancat
2. Using the information to connect to catalog via sqlplus, set following parameters in script.
rman_id=rman # RMAN userid rman_pw=rman # RMAN password catalog_alias=rmancat # Catalog connect script from tnsnames.ora
3. Determine which instance to backup (target). The target instance to backup must be listed in the following file
For Solaris : /var/opt/oracle/oratab
For AIX, HPUX, Linux, HP Tru64 : /etc/oratab
4. Determine target instance nls setting for nls_lang parameter.
SQL> select value from v$nls_parameters where parameter = 'NLS_LANGUAGE'; SQL> select value from v$nls_parameters where parameter = 'NLS_TERRITORY'; SQL> select value from v$nls_parameters where parameter = 'NLS_CHARACTERSET';
5. Use above nls information to edit script to change charset parameter.
charset="LANGUAGE_TERRITORY.CHARACTERSET" # Characterset of the database
6. Determine if backup will be to disk or tape.
– If to disk
a) Determine location that backup will go to and verify you have permission to write to the directory.
b) Edit script to change “backup_dir” variable to reflect this directory
– If to tape
a) Verify that tape is mounted.
b) Run following command to verify that oracle can communicate with tape media management layer
% $ORACLE_HOME/bin/sbttest test
7. Run script.
NOTE: If instance is not mounted or open when running script it will only backup datafiles and not backup archivelogs if they exist. In doing so the instance will be open to mount mode in order to do the backup and be left in that state unless the “Restore to original mode” code is uncommented.
The RMAN script
#! /bin/sh # User defined parameters charset="AMERICAN_AMERICA.WE8ISO8859P15" # Characterset of the database backup_dir=/mnt_pt/bkup # Back directory for disk backup rman_id=rman # RMAN userid rman_pw=rman # RMAN password catalog_alias=rmancat # Catalog connect script from tnsnames.ora # # Initialization parameters # if [ -z "$1" -o -z "$2" ]; then echo "" echo " ERROR : Invalid number of arguments" echo " Usage : backup_database" exit fi sid=$1 # Source database backup_type=$2 # Backuptype : disk or tape # # Main # outputfile=/tmp/$$$sid.bck # # Setup environment to the source-database # Requires : oraenv => must be found as executable # /var/opt/oracle/oratab or /etc/oratab => Must contain the source database # ORACLE_SID=$sid;export ORACLE_SID ORAENV_ASK=NO;export ORAENV_ASK . oraenv unset ORAENV_ASK # # Set the charaterset to the characterset of the database : # for suppressing error-messages of RMAN regarding this issue # NLS_LANG=$charset;export NLS_LANG # # Initialize variables # db_status="CLOSED" archive_log="NOARCHIVELOG" log_seq=0 # # Check status of database # pmon=`ps -ef | egrep pmon_$ORACLE_SID | grep -v grep` if [ "$pmon" = "" ]; then db_status="CLOSED" else db_status=`sqlplus -s "/ as sysdba" < $outputfile echo "connect catalog $rman_id/$rman_pw@$catalog_alias" >> $outputfile echo "connect target /" >> $outputfile # # Instance must be running in mount mode to do backups. Mount instance # if it is closed or in nomount mode. # echo "" >> $outputfile if [ $db_status = "CLOSED" ]; then echo "startup mount;" >> $outputfile fi echo "" >> $outputfile if [ $db_status = "STARTED" ]; then echo "alter database mount;" >> $outputfile fi # # Begin backup process # echo "run " >> $outputfile echo "{ " >> $outputfile # # If the database does not run in ARCHIVELOG, it must # be a cold-backup, so a shutdown of the database is required. # Uncomment the following code to add code to do this. # - Begin of shutdown code #if [ $archive_log = "NOARCHIVELOG" -a $db_status = "OPEN" ]; then # echo " shutdown immediate;" >> $outputfile # echo " startup mount;" >> $outputfile # echo "" >> $outputfile #fi # - End of shutdown code # Otherwise the program will be terminated so user can manually # shutdown instance when desired. If the above code to automate # shutdown is used then comment out the termination section below. # - Begin termination code if [ $archive_log = "NOARCHIVELOG" -a $db_status = "OPEN" ]; then echo "The database is running in NOARCHIVELOG mode and must be" echo "shutdown first to do a cold backup. Terminating backup_database." rm $outputfile exit fi # - End termination code # # Depending the backup_type-argument : # Choose the desired channel allocation # if [ $backup_type = "tape" ]; then echo " allocate channel ch1 type 'sbt_tape';" >> $outputfile else echo " allocate channel ch1 type disk;" >> $outputfile fi echo "" >> $outputfile echo "" >> $outputfile echo " backup" >> $outputfile # # Depending the backup_type-argument : # Choose the desired format. # For the backup on disk : it's the path where the backup will # be put. # if [ $backup_type = "disk" ]; then echo " format '$backup_dir/%d_t%t_s%s_p%p'" >> $outputfile else echo " format '%d/%d_t%t_s%s_p%p'" >> $outputfile fi echo " filesperset=4" >> $outputfile # # backup the archivelogs always to disk and if requested to tape. # if [ $archive_log = "ARCHIVELOG" ]; then echo " database plus archivelog filesperset 12;" >> $outputfile echo "" >> $outputfile if [ $backup_type = "tape" ]; then echo " release channel ch1;" >> $outputfile echo " allocate channel ch1 type disk;" >> $outputfile echo " backup" >> $outputfile echo " format '$backup_dir/%d_al_t%t_s%s_p%p'" >> $outputfile echo " filesperset=12" >> $outputfile echo " (archivelog until time 'sysdate - 3'" >> $outputfile echo " delete input);" >> $outputfile echo "" >> $outputfile else echo " delete archivelog until time 'sysdate - 3' backed up 1 times to device type disk;" >> $outputfile fi else echo " database;" >> $outputfile echo "" >> $outputfile fi # # Restore instance to original mode. # Uncomment following code to return instance to close or nomount mode. # - Begin restore code #if [ $db_status = "CLOSED" -o $db_status = "STARTED" ]; then # echo "shutdown immediate;" >> $outputfile # if [ $db_status = "STARTED" ]; then # echo "startup nomount;" >> $outputfile # fi #fi # - End restore code echo "" >> $outputfile echo " release channel ch1;" >> $outputfile echo "}" >> $outputfile # # Execute created script with rman. # logfile=/tmp/rman_$sid.log rm $logfile 2>/dev/null rman cmdfile=$outputfile msglog=$logfile echo "" echo "The rman backup for $sid has completed with results written to file $logfile." echo "" rm $outputfile
Sample Output
Here is a sample output from the script execution:
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.2.0 - Production on Thu Mar 15 16:59:21 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
RMAN> #
2> connect catalog *
3> connect target *
4>
5>
6> run
7> {
8> allocate channel ch1 type disk;
9>
10>
11> backup
12> format '/u01/oradata/rzy/%d_t%t_s%s_p%p'
13> filesperset=4
14> database plus archivelog filesperset 12;
15>
16> delete archivelog until time 'sysdate - 3' backed up 1 times to device type disk;
17>
18> release channel ch1;
19> }
20>
connected to recovery catalog database
connected to target database: V1122 (DBID=4126790627)
allocated channel: ch1
channel ch1: SID=146 device type=DISK
Starting backup at 15-MAR-2012 16:59:25
current log archived
channel ch1: starting archived log backup set
channel ch1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set
input archived log thread=1 sequence=4900 RECID=5511 STAMP=772265173
....
input archived log thread=1 sequence=4910 RECID=5532 STAMP=772534947
channel ch1: starting piece 1 at 15-MAR-2012 16:59:32
channel ch1: finished piece 1 at 15-MAR-2012 17:02:28
piece handle=/u01/oradata/rzy/V1122_t778006893_s1186_p1 tag=TAG20120315T165930 comment=NONE
channel ch1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:55
Finished backup at 15-MAR-2012 17:02:28
Starting backup at 15-MAR-2012 17:17:59
channel ch1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ch1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00002 name=/u01/oradata/v1122/V1122/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_6c0tltsv_.dbf
input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/oradata/v1122/V1122/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_6c0tohcs_.dbf
input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/oradata/v1122/V1122/datafile/o1_mf_sys_undo_6c0tly50_.dbf
input datafile file number=00006 name=/u01/oradata/v1122/V1122/datafile/o1_mf_users_6jycwgkf_.dbf
channel ch1: starting piece 1 at 15-MAR-2012 17:18:02
....
channel ch1: finished piece 1 at 15-MAR-2012 17:24:02
piece handle=/u01/oradata/rzy/V1122_t778008017_s1190_p1 tag=TAG20120315T171759 comment=NONE
channel ch1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:03:46
channel ch1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ch1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current control file in backup set
including current SPFILE in backup set
channel ch1: starting piece 1 at 15-MAR-2012 17:24:06
channel ch1: finished piece 1 at 15-MAR-2012 17:24:11
piece handle=/u01/oradata/rzy/V1122_t778008243_s1191_p1 tag=TAG20120315T171759 comment=NONE
channel ch1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:05
Finished backup at 15-MAR-2012 17:24:11
Starting backup at 15-MAR-2012 17:24:12
current log archived
channel ch1: starting archived log backup set
channel ch1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set
input archived log thread=1 sequence=4926 RECID=5548 STAMP=778008252
channel ch1: starting piece 1 at 15-MAR-2012 17:24:17
channel ch1: finished piece 1 at 15-MAR-2012 17:24:18
piece handle=/u01/oradata/rzy/V1122_t778008257_s1192_p1 tag=TAG20120315T172415 comment=NONE
channel ch1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 15-MAR-2012 17:24:18
specification does not match any archived log in the repository
released channel: ch1
Recovery Manager complete.