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Examples of adding static routes in Solaris

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Static Vs Dynamic routes

Static routes are added using the route command either by a script or by using command line. Dynamic routes are added by some routing daemon. Daemons that are responsible for adding dynamic routes that are currently bundled/supported with Solaris are /usr/sbin/in.routed (Routing Information Protocol(RIP)) and /usr/sbin/in.rdisc (Router Network Discovery Protocol).

Using command line

To add a non-persistent route we just simple use route add command without the option -p. Note that these routes gets flushed if you reboot the system. Below are 2 examples of adding a route (192.168.1.1) for the network 10.10.10.0/24

# route add 10.10.10.0 -netmask 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.1
# route add 10.10.10.0/24 192.168.1.1

To add a persistent route we need to use the -p parameter with the route command. In the following examples the network 10.10.10.0/24 network uses the gateway 192.168.1.1.

# route -p add 10.10.10.0 -netmask 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.1
# route -p add 10.10.10.0/24 192.168.1.1

To add a persistent default route (192.168.1.1) :

# route -p add default 192.168.1.1

To retrieve information about a specific route :

# route get default
   route to: default
destination: default
       mask: default
    gateway: 192.168.1.1
  interface: e1000g0
      flags: [UP,GATEWAY,DONE,STATIC]
 recvpipe  sendpipe  ssthresh    rtt,ms rttvar,ms  hopcount      mtu     expire
       0         0         0         0         0         0      1500         0

To display the complete routing table :

# netstat -nr

Routing Table: IPv4
  Destination           Gateway           Flags  Ref     Use     Interface
-------------------- -------------------- ----- ----- ---------- ---------
192.168.1.0          192.168.1.30         U         1         23 e1000g0
224.0.0.0            192.168.1.30         U         1          0 e1000g0
224.0.0.0            192.168.1.30         UG        1          0
127.0.0.1            127.0.0.1            UH        4        121 lo0

The various flags (in the Flags column) :

U – The interface is up.
H – Host route. The destination is a system, not a network.
G – The delivery system is another system (an indirect route).
D – The entry was added dynamically by an ICMP redirect.

To see the persistent routes added in the system :

# route -p show
persistent: route add 10.10.10.0/24 192.168.1.1

To delete a persistent route (persistently) :

# route -p delete 10.10.10.0/24 192.168.1.1

Using rc script

The above command line method will not work in solaris 8 and 9, also in some older patch versions of solaris 10. To overcome this we have another method. We can create a rc script in /etc/rc2.d, say with name S91routes. Add the route add command in this script :

# /usr/sbin/route add 10.10.10.0 -netmask 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.1

Now when the next time the system boots up this script would run and add the route specified in the script.

Other examples

To change a route, we can use route change command ( to change default route from 192.168.1.1 to 10.10.10.1) :

# route change default 10.10.10.1

To continuously monitor any changes to the Routing table and route lookup misses we can use route monitor command :

# route monitor
got message of size 124
RTM_DELETE: Delete Route: len 124, pid: 633, seq 1, errno 0, flags:[UP,GATEWAY,DONE,STATIC]
locks: inits:
sockaddrs: [DST,GATEWAY,NETMASK]
192.168.3.0 sys11ext 255.255.255.0

To flush (remove) the routing table of all gateway entries, use the route flush command.

# route flush
default              192.168.1.1          done
10.10.10.0           10.10.10.1           done

To cause the routing table to flush before the remaining options are evaluated, use the flush option before using other options :

# route -f add 10.10.10.0/24 192.168.1.1

To add a route manually to the multicast address range of 224–239 :

# route add 224.0/4 `uname -n`

To add a default static route using the /etc/defaultrouter file, add the default router IP address to the file /etc/defaultrouter. A system that is configured with an /etc/defaultrouter file does not execute the in.routed daemon.

# echo "192.168.1.1"  >> /etc/defaultrouter

We can also use the /etc/gateways file to add static routes. If the /etc/gateways file exists, the in.routed daemon reads the file when it starts. Now to add a static route (192.168.1.1) for network 192.168.1.0, edit the /etc/gateways file and add below entry

# cat /etc/gateways
net 192.168.1.0 gateway 192.168.1.1

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