The post outlines the steps to modify the kernel command line (and, thus, kernel boot parameters) in CentOS/RHEL 7 with GRUB2 installed as a boot loader.
Backup the GRUB configuration Files
Make copy of the GRUB2 configuration files as a precaution:
For an MBR (BIOS-based) system:
# cp /etc/default/grub /etc/default/grub-backup
# cp /boot/grub2/grub.cfg /boot/grub2/grub.cfg-backup
For a GPT (UEFI-based) system:
# cp /etc/default/grub /etc/default/grub-backup # cp /boot/efi/EFI/redhat/grub.cfg /boot/efi/EFI/redhat/grub.cfg-backup
Editing /etc/default/grub file
1. Open the /etc/default/grub file for editing:
# vi /etc/default/grub
2. This file contains multiple GRUB2 options. Kernel boot parameters are specified by the GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX option. Below is a sample /etc/default/grub configuration file.
# cat /etc/default/grub GRUB_TIMEOUT=1 GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR="$(sed 's, release .*$,,g' /etc/system-release)" GRUB_DEFAULT=saved GRUB_DISABLE_SUBMENU=true GRUB_TERMINAL="serial console" GRUB_SERIAL_COMMAND="serial --speed=115200" GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="console=ttyS0,115200 console=tty0 vconsole.font=latarcyrheb-sun16 crashkernel=auto vconsole.keymap=us" GRUB_DISABLE_RECOVERY="true"
3. Once the file is edited, save it.
Generating new grub.cfg file
1. Once the file is edited, save it and run the command specified below to generate a new grub.cfg file:
For an MBR (BIOS-based) system:
# grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
For a GPT (UEFI-based) system:
# grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/efi/EFI/redhat/grub.cfg
2. Finally, reboot the system to apply the changes:
# systemctl reboot
Verify
Once the system is up, you can verify the kernel command line with the below command.
# cat /proc/cmdline BOOT_IMAGE=/boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-693.21.1.el7.x86_64 root=UUID=0f790447-ebef-4ca0-b229-d0aa1985d57f ro console=ttyS0,115200 console=tty0 vconsole.font=latarcyrheb-sun16 crashkernel=auto vconsole.keymap=us
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